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1400cc Rectimo Correct Mixture printer friendly version
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Author Messages
Bob Grimstead
Unregistered

Posted Sunday, March 11, 2012 @ 06:09 AM  

Hi Guys,

I've mentioned this topic in various other places on this forum, but with the engine failures we have had recently, I think it is important to make this a separate topic.

If you convert a 1200cc Rectimo to 1400cc capacity, the compression ratio rises as well as the capacity, so you increase power by perhaps 25 per cent.

This is a cheap and easy conversion (simply substitute 83mm diameter pistons & cylinders for the original 77mm units).

But it is important to ensure that your new, more powerful engine is getting enough fuel, because fuel is one of the three main internal cooling components (air, fuel, oil).

I have established empirically, by checking climb performance and spark plug colours, that a float needle valve (carburettor inlet jet) of 2.50mm diameter and a main jet enlarged to 1.32mm are best.

So last week I fitted my NGK Powerdex AFX lambda or air-fuel ratio sensor.
You can read the manual at:
http://www.ngksparkplugs.com/pdf/AFX_Tuning_Manual_REV_06.pdf

In general terms, this says:
Mixture is expressed in numerals from 10 to 16 AFR (Air/Fuel Ratio), with 10 being quite rich and 16 being excessively lean (the leanest it will measure).
For an air-cooled engine in high-load conditions it recommends a mixture between 10 and 12 AFR
Maximum power is reached at 12.5 to 13 AFR
Cruise mixture can be leaner at 13 to 16 AFR

Obviously with a carburettor, unless you're prepared to remove and drill or replace all the jets and nozzles, there is a limit to the adjustments that can be made.

The most important thing is to ensure that when the main jet is removed and the fuel is turned on with a minimum fuel tank level (say 5 litres or 1 gallon) you get a fuel flow from the main jet's seat of at least 16.4 litres per hour (say 5 gallons per hour) because this is the full-throttle fuel consumption of a 1400cc Rectimo/VW. I found that, without opening up the original 2mm needle valve jet, I only got 13 litres per hour. I drilled out the needle valve jet to 2.5 mm and subsequently got 16 litres per hour. To increase the flow above this (for a 1600cc or 1750/1776cc engine) you may need to open up the hole from the bottom of the float bowl into the main jet's chamber.

Here are AFR readings for HDO, my blue RF4D with 1400cc Rectimo, standard Zenith 28RXZ carburettor, 2.5mm needle valve jet, 1.32mm main jet and the finest pitch propeller available (to give the highest possible rpm on the ground). Fuel load was 15 litres (3 gallons) temperature +30C, pressure 1012 (29.90ins Hg). Cowlings ere in place, adn the normal carburettor plenum and air filter were fitted (not the cold air inlet).

RPM AFR
1000 13.27
1500 12.20
2000 12.25
2500 12.18
3000 10.69 (full throttle)

So the mixture is just about right at full throttle, and very slightly rich of optimum at all other settings.

Probably a main jet of 1.3mm diameter would not kill you, but I would never fly with a smaller one.

Yours, Bob

--------------------

Bob Grimstead
Unregistered

Posted Friday, March 16, 2012 @ 02:30 AM  

I don't think that these larger jet sizes are available any more.

I have simply drilled out my original 1.25mm jets.

British Fournicators can order a 1.32mm drill bit (or 1.30mm, or whatever) from Drill Service Horley, 01293 774911, give them your credit card number and it will arrive in the mail the following morning. Price last time I bought one? Not much more than one pound, including postage.

If you inadvertently drill the hole oversize, simply heat up the jet with a mini-blowtorch and run some solder down the hole and then re-drill.

Just be very, very careful to clean out all the swarf.

It doesn't take much to block even a 1.32mm main jet!

Yours, Bob

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Donald
Unregistered

Posted Friday, March 16, 2012 @ 03:26 AM  

Hi Bob,

Thanks for the info, I'll check mine at the weekend, but what's the little copper pipe behind your finger? Mine doesn't have that and neither does it show on the various diagrams available.

Donald

Bob Grimstead
Unregistered

Posted Friday, March 16, 2012 @ 03:54 AM  

Search for 'Inverted Fuel System' Donald, and you'll find it.

Yours, Bob

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Donald
Unregistered

Posted Sunday, March 18, 2012 @ 04:39 AM  

You're a brave man Bob, experimenting with an irreplaceable carb like that.

You've done a lot of experimenting on this and I don't for a second doubt your conclusions, both empirical and with the Lambda sensor, but it is interesting to observe that this document http://www.cfiamerica.com/images/PDF/Carburettor%20ZENITH%2028RXZ%20.pdf on the Zenith lists the main jet size as 1.25mm and the needle valve as 2.5mm and that these sizes are appropriate for the Rectimo 1200, the Saur-Rectimo 1400 and the Stark Stamo 1500.

Donald

Bob Grimstead
Unregistered

Posted Sunday, March 18, 2012 @ 08:47 AM  

Hi again Donald,

I am certain that those jet sizes I stated are correct for my engines -- 1.32mm for a 1400cc engine breathing warm lower cowling air, 1.40mm for a 1400cc breathing cold air and 1.42 for a 1750/1776cc Rectimo breathing warm lower cowling air.

And of course, the first thing I did was to buy a third Zenith 28RXZ carburettor before I started experimenting. Last time I was there, Ken Ballington had several, although I think he wanted #100 for them.

Oh and PS, I think what you're reading on that pdf is a computer translation I cleaned up for Eugenio, after which I believe he has added (in his opinion) those jet sizes. I don't think you'll find they were in the original, nor are they official, just his opinion.

If you visit http://www.fournieruk.com/ and click on Technical, then on Manuals and then click on Zenith 28RXZ carburettor (French/German) you'll find the original document, which does not include Eugenio's spurious data.

The official figure I've got for one of the biggger aviation VWs (can't now remember which one -- maybe the 1700 Limbach with the 28RXZ) used a massive 1.50 main jet and I think also a bigger mixer tube (emulsion tube or main discharge nozzle). But of course that had a carb heat system, so it was effectively a 1700 (1.42 jet on my 1750) with the cold air intake (1.40 jet on my 1400). So in that case a 1.50 jet would seem pretty correct.

Yours, Bob

[Edit by Bob Grimstead on Sunday, March 18, 2012 @ 08:57 AM]

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eugenio
Unregistered

Posted Tuesday, March 20, 2012 @ 05:05 PM  

All jet and needle valve sizes are those reported from the original part catalog for the Zenith 28RXZ carburetor, where there is a list of different sizes for all the jets (main, discharge, idle air etc.).
The data not contained in the part catalog, like the needle valve seat hole, come from my experience on these engines. This is why maybe my own engine runs well with a small main jet, probably there are some things different from yours. Anyway on all Rectimos overhauled by Sauer, upgraded to 1400 or to 1500 I found the original 1.20 or 1.25 main jet.

Eugenio

Bob Grimstead
Unregistered

Posted Tuesday, March 20, 2012 @ 09:47 PM  

Thank you Eugenio,

That is very interesting -- if a little strange!

All I can say is that with my Zenith carburettors and on my 1400 and 1750/1776 engines, these are the correct jets.

Also, I know of three engine failures (two in 1400s and one in a 1500) caused by these bigger engines running too lean.

Yours, Bob

--------------------

eugenio
Unregistered

Posted Thursday, March 22, 2012 @ 03:47 PM  

The main jet you show in the picture is different from mine. You (or somebody else) modified it, because the original has the jet bore in two steps, and the calibrated (1.25) part is just a couple of mm long. On the bolt head side the hole is 3 mm, and on the thread side is again 3mm stepped about 3 mm into the thread, so it looks like a venturi. If you have the calibrated bore longer that the original maybe the fuel flow is reduced much more.
Also if you have a lower fuel level on the bowl, the engine sucks less fuel, so this maybe another reason.
Another thing is that my engine is based on a 1600, with 1600 single port heads (news) with 1.1:1 rocker arms with the original rectimo manifold system, maybe all this combination works differently from just beefed up 1200 engines.

Eugenio

Bob Grimstead
Unregistered

Posted Thursday, March 22, 2012 @ 09:39 PM  

Hello again Eugenio,

I did not know that about the jets being stepped internally.

When I made my 1400cc conversion on my Australian Fournier, rather than drill out the original main jet, I got a friend to make me two spare main jets, and I have opened and closed those over the years while investigating mixtures.

The Australian Fournier is now operating with a 1400cc engine and the locally manufactured jet at 1.32mm, the British one now has a 1776 engine with an original jet, bored out to 1.42mm, while Matthew's 1400cc WEK engine again uses a 1.32mm jet bored out from the original. Those sizes works well for us in all three cases, and last time I checked, all the float levels were to specification.
We have flown about 180 hours on the British engines and about 350 on the Australian 1400 with no problems.

All these engines use the original carburettor, intake manifold, single-port heads and standard valves and rockers, although I think my 1776 heads (also based on 1600s) may have slightly bigger valves, and it has 32mm exhaust pipes.

It is fascinating that you and I use such very different jet sizes in our engines, but of course, as you say, there are other variables.

The most important thing is that none of our Fournier friends should have lean mixtures and high combustion temperatures, because that will lead to engine failures. Provided everybody is certain that they are flying with the correct mixture, they will be safe.

Another topic...
When flying formation cross-countries with Matthew, who cruises at 3,050rpm in his 1400cc RF4D, burning 10 litres per hour, I seem to burn about 11 litres per hour cruising with my 1776cc engine, using 2,800rpm with the same propeller as his, and cruising around 90-95 mph (145-150 kph). I would expect my consumption to be at least 10% higher than Matthew's, but it would be good to confirm this. Do you get similar consumption?

Thanks, and I look forward to meeting again at Husbands Bosworth this summer, if you are coming over again.

Yours, Bob

--------------------

Donald
Unregistered

Posted Friday, March 23, 2012 @ 03:10 AM  

Formation fuel burn? I'm going to guess that Matthew leads the formation and you follow.

Returning from the CFI meet at Husbands Bosworth last year I flew some of the way home in loose formation with John Bisset and Toni Hausler in RF5b G-KCIG. Post flight analysis showed that on my own fuel burn averaged 9.48 l/hr while in formation it averaged 10.62.

Bob Grimstead
Unregistered

Posted Friday, March 23, 2012 @ 04:11 AM  

Hi Donald,

See http://sbeaver.com/cgi-bin/fournier/cutecast.pl?session=xBT5CTDiFxbpKRLO7KcVdHRU61&forum=13&thread=406&page=2 for my 1400 fuel consumption averaged over 30 hours.

Yes, I follow Matthew -- he predominantly does the navigating and I mainly keep a lookout -- although of course we both do both in reality.

We have the same airframes, same props etc, only difference is the engine capacity.
A larger capacity engine will always use more fuel than a smaller one in identical circumstances (provided both are running with the correct mixture of course).

I have not been running the 1776 for long enough to get an accurate fuel burn increase, but it seems like about 10 per cent, rising from the old 10 lph to about 11 lph (same distance, same speed, identical other conditions). I just wondered what Eugenio averages with his 1776?

Since we've had enquiries from Italy, France, Belgium, Germany and Sweden (although nothing is definite yet) we may soon get a good opportunity (or two) to check the 1776 consumption over an extended period.

Yours, Bob

--------------------

eugenio
Unregistered

Posted Friday, March 30, 2012 @ 12:07 PM  

It is strange that you fly the same speed with the same prop at different RPM. You should do it with different props too. The prop in the aircraft is like the gear shift in the car, if you have the same gear ratio, wether you have a 1000 cc engine or a 3000 cc one you will always have the same speed, different consumption but same speed.

Anyway my 1750 now runs with a copy of an MT133/100 and at cruising speed of 150/160 Km/hr with about 2800/2900 RPM it sucks 12 l/h.
With the previous propeller GT 135/90 it was burning 13 l/h and for reaching 150/160 Km/h I had to run at 3200 RPM.

Eugenio

Bob Grimstead
Unregistered

Posted Sunday, April 8, 2012 @ 06:48 AM  

Yes Eugenio,

You are right and I am wrong.

One of my problems is that the Australian Fournier has the original tachometric tacho, but the British one has a Westach electronic one, which reads 300 rpm when the engine is not running.
I assumed the error was just that I had to subtract 300 rpm from all readings, but it is clearly wrong at other rpm too.

Yours, Bob

--------------------

eugenio
Unregistered

Posted Tuesday, April 10, 2012 @ 02:34 PM  

Speed, RPM and power are really a strange thing in our engines, there are days when you seem to have double the power than others, so much temperature, pressure, humidity and thermals affect the engine behaviour.
This sunday (Easter) I had a flight from Envie to Turin, a 40 Km trip, back and forth and I could mantain 150 Km/h with as low as 2550 rpm.

Eugenio

eugenio
Unregistered

Posted Tuesday, April 10, 2012 @ 02:39 PM  

About the jets, I made the tooling to do them exactly as the original ones, so I can do jets with any desired jet size.
The more difficult part is the thread that is not a common one, but once you get the die everythings becomes easy.

Eugenio

Jorgen
Unregistered

Posted Tuesday, April 10, 2012 @ 04:43 PM  

Quote:
Speed, RPM and power are really a strange thing in our engines, there are days when you seem to have double the power than others, so much temperature, pressure, humidity and thermals affect the engine behaviour.

Absolutely agree. Throw in the humidity and tallness etc of the grass on your strip and the possible computations become endless. I feel a lot more secure since I carefully marked the halfway-point of my strip to give me a better idea of when to throttle back if my take-off run is slower than expected.

On the other hand, once up in the Blue you have more options. This Sunday I had an hour long flight with engine time 15 minutes. I had to push 50 m to the hangar after the dead stick, Oh sorry I mean Glider landing, good exercise and what about all the precious fuel I saved for flying!

May the 4's be with you/ Jörgen

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